辛伐他汀对急性呼吸窘迫综合征的治疗效果研究

目的 探讨辛伐他汀治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 将2018 年1 月～2019 年7月至我院治疗的88 例高ARDS 患者纳入研究，随机均分为实验组与对照组，每组各44 例。两组患者在常规治疗之外，实验组接受每日80 mg 辛伐他汀给药，对照组接受每日80 mg 安慰剂给药。研究持续28 d，治疗前后使用Murray 肺损伤评分评估患者肺损伤程度，检测治疗后患者血浆IL-6、TNF-α 和hs-CRP 含量，统计研究期间两组患者不良反应率。并使用辛伐他汀处理EC 细胞，检测S1PR1 蛋白和KLF2 蛋白的表达。结果 治疗后，两组患者Murray 肺损伤评分均显著下降（P＜0.05），且实验组改善幅度大于对照组；治疗后，实验组患者Murray 肺损伤评分、血浆IL-6/TNF-α 和hs-CRP 均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）；治疗期间，两组间总不良反应率比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.534）。辛伐他汀处理后，EC 细胞中的S1PR1 和KLF2 的表达均显著提高。结论 辛伐他汀治疗能够显著改善ARDS 患者肺损伤和炎症反应，具有良好的安全性，可能是通过与KLF2 相关的机制，增加S1PR1 的表达来增强内皮屏障功能，从而降低血管通透性的增加。     

养阴利咽饮与玉液散吹喉对阴虚肺燥型慢性咽炎患者血清因子的影响

目的:探讨养阴利咽饮与玉液散吹喉对阴虚肺燥型慢性咽炎患者血清炎性因子的影响。方法:将2015年8月至2017年3月山东省淄博市第四人民医院收治的慢性咽炎患者118例作为研究对象,按治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组,每组59例。对照组用常规西药治疗,观察组用养阴利咽饮与玉液散吹喉治疗,均连续治疗30 d。比较2组临床疗效,观察并比较治疗前后2组患者主要临床症状改善情况,唾液中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)、血清炎性因子水平及生命质量变化。结果:治疗后观察组总有效率为91.53%,高于对照组的76.27%(P<0.05)。治疗后2组咽痛、干咳、咽黏膜充血水肿临床症状积分低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.01)。与治疗前比较,治疗后2组患者唾液中SIgA水平均明显升高,血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平均明显降低,且2组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。治疗后2组患者SF-36各项评分均明显高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:养阴利咽饮与玉液散吹喉联用可降低阴虚肺燥型慢性咽炎患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平,升高唾液中SIgA含量,改善患者临床症状,提高患者生命质量。     

Quality of life in the FOXFIRE,SIRFLOX and FOXFIRE-global randomised trials of selective internal radiotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer

Selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) is a liver-directed treatment involving the injection of yttrium-90 microspheres into the blood supply of liver tumours. There are very few studies assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients treated with SIRT. Patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC) were randomised in the FOXFIRE (FFr; ISRCTN83867919), SIRFLOX (SF; NCT00724503) and FOXFIRE-Global (FFrG; NCT01721954) trials of first-line oxaliplatin–fluorouracil (FOLFOX) chemotherapy combined with SIRT versus FOLFOX alone. HRQOL was assessed using the three-level EQ-5D, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC Colorectal Liver Metastases cancer module (EORTC QLQ-LMC21) at baseline, ≤3 months, 6 months, 12 months and annually thereafter from randomisation, and at disease progression. Analyses were conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. In total, 554 patients were randomised to SIRT + FOLFOX and 549 patients to FOLFOX alone. HRQOL was statistically significant lower in SIRT + FOLFOX patients ≤3 months after SIRT administration in all three instruments, particularly global health, physical and role functioning and symptoms of fatigue, nausea/vomiting and appetite loss. By accepted thresholds, these differences were deemed not clinically important. Differences between SIRT + FOLFOX and FOLFOX alone over the 2-year follow up and at disease progression were also not clinically important. Although there is some decrease in HRQOL for up to 3 months following SIRT, the addition of SIRT to FOLFOX chemotherapy does not change HRQOL to a clinically important degree in metastatic CRC patients.     

Computed tomography features of acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas

PurposeTo report the computed tomography (CT) features of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (ACC) and identify CT features that may help discriminate between pancreatic ACC and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA).Materials and methodsThe CT examinations of 20 patients (13 men, 7 women; mean age, 66.5 ± 10.7 [SD] years; range: 51–88 years) with 20 histopathologically proven pancreatic ACC were reviewed. CT images were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and compared to those obtained in 20 patients with PDA. Comparisons were performed using univariate analysis with a conditional logistic regression model.ResultsPancreatic ACC presented as an enhancing (20/20; 100%), oval (15/20; 75%), well-delineated (14/20; 70%) and purely solid (13/20; 65%) pancreatic mass with a mean diameter of 52.6 ± 28.0 (SD) mm (range: 24–120 mm) in association with visible lymph nodes (14/20; 70%). At univariate analysis, well-defined margins (Odds ratio [OR], 7.00; P = 0.005), nondilated bile ducts (OR, 9.00; P = 0.007), visible lymph nodes (OR, 4.33; P = 0.028) and adjacent organ involvement (OR, 5.67; P = 0.02) were the most discriminating CT features to differentiate pancreatic ACC from PDA. When present, lymph nodes were larger in patients with pancreatic ACC (14 ± 4.8 [SD]; range: 7–25 mm) than in those with PDA (8.8 ± 4.1 [SD]; range: 5–15 mm) (P = 0.039).ConclusionOn CT, pancreatic ACC presents as an enhancing, predominantly oval and purely solid pancreatic mass that most frequently present with no bile duct dilatation, no visible lymph nodes, no adjacent organ involvement and larger visible lymph nodes compared to PDA.     

清化方治疗重症肺炎(痰热壅肺证)的临床研究

目的观察自拟清化方治疗重症肺炎(痰热壅肺证)患者的疗效。方法患者74例随机分为观察组与对照组各37例,对照组予西医常规治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用清化方治疗,分别于5、10 d后比较两组疗效。结果治疗5 d后,两组炎症指标、临床肺部感染评分(CPIS)、序贯器官功能衰竭评分(SOFA评分)、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHⅡ评分)、中医证候评分与治疗前比较,均显著改善(P<0.05);观察组在APACHⅡ评分、中医证候评分等方面与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗10 d后,两组炎症指标、CPIS评分、SOFA评分、APACHⅡ评分、中医证候评分与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组在降钙素原(PCT)、APACHⅡ评分、中医证候评分等方面与治疗5 d后及对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组总有效率为80.00%,显著高于对照组的68.97%(P<0.05)。结论清化方对重症肺炎实证患者有较好的疗效,能有效改善患者的炎症反应,调整脏器功能,减轻患者症状,改善预后。     

经皮肺穿刺肺癌兔应用化疗药物对肿瘤细胞沿针道转移率影响的研究

目的探究化疗药物对已进行经皮肺穿刺肺癌兔术后肿瘤细胞沿针道转移率的影响。方法将成功建立的肺癌兔模型分为治疗组24只,对照组20只,所有患兔在计算机断层扫描(CT)引导下成功进行细针吸取细胞学检查(FNAC)5次,治疗组在进行穿刺后保留套管拔出针芯,边给予化疗药物边撤出套管。沿针道搜集组织并进行病理细胞学检测。结果治疗组中,3个不同部位5次穿刺均未发现阳性转移的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);对照组中,脏层胸膜5次穿刺均未发现阳性转移的发生率分别低于壁层胸膜和胸壁组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);治疗组脏层胸膜5次穿刺均未发现阳性转移的发生率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。穿刺后,治疗组脏层胸膜肿瘤细胞转移阳性率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01);两组壁层胸膜及胸壁组织的肿瘤细胞转移阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论经皮肺穿刺肺癌兔使用化疗药物可降低肿瘤细胞沿针道的阳性转移率。     

双源CT多定量参数对胃癌的诊断价值及与HER2的相关性

目的:探讨门脉期双源CT多个定量参数与胃腺癌病理分化程度及HER2的相关性。方法: 回顾性分析2018年7月至2019年4月间于陕西省人民医院行双源CT双能量扫描的48例经胃镜活检(21例)或手术病理证实（27例）的胃腺癌及30例正常胃的影像学资料，其中27例HER2指标明确，通过西门子第二代双源CT扫描获得静脉期双能量图像，利用syngo.via软件获得曲线斜率、门脉期碘浓度、标准化碘浓度；将患者分为胃腺癌与正常胃壁组，高、中、低分化胃腺癌组，HER2阳性组（+，++，+++）与HER2阴性组（-）。统计学方法采用Kappa一致性检验、ROC曲线法、两独立样本t检验及方差分析。结果:活检与术后病理结果具有较强的一致性（Kappa系数为0.701），两者无明显差异；胃腺癌与正常胃壁两组间能谱曲线斜率（1.35±0.24、2.19±0.71）及标准化碘浓度（0.31±0.079、0.54±0.157）均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），曲线下面积分别为0.992、0.919；低分化、中分化及高分化胃腺癌能谱曲线斜率值（3.07±0.67，2.63±0.57，2.01±0.39）组间及组内差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05），低分化、中分化及高分化胃腺癌门脉期标准化碘浓度(0.60±0.167，0.52±0.089，0.36±0.039)组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），中分化组与低分化组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），高分化组与中、低分化组均具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。HER2阳性组与阴性组的能谱曲线斜率及标准化碘浓度值无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论:能谱曲线斜率及门脉期标准化碘浓度值有助于对胃腺癌进行诊断并推测病理分化程度；双源CT定量参数与免疫组化指标HER2无相关性。     

RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes suppress non‐small cell lung cancer growth by limiting nutrition supply

Chemotherapy for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is far from satisfactory, mainly due to poor targeting of antitumor drugs and self‐adaptations of the tumors. Angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels, migration, and invasion are the main ways for tumors to obtain nutrition. Herein, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes were successfully prepared. These liposomes showed ideal physicochemical properties, enhanced tumor targeting and accumulation in tumor sites, and inhibited VM channel formation, tumor angiogenesis, migration and invasion. The liposomes also downregulated VM‐related and angiogenesis‐related proteins in vitro. Furthermore, when tested in vivo, the targeted co‐delivery liposomes increased selective accumulation of drugs in tumor sites and showed extended stability in blood circulation. In conclusion, RPV‐modified epirubicin and dioscin co‐delivery liposomes showed strong antitumor efficacy in vivo and could thus be considered a promising strategy for NSCLC treatment.     

A prognostic signature based on immune-related genes for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma

Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) is the fourth commonest female malignancy worldwide. CESC progresses in immune-microenvironment mainly composed of infiltrating immune and stromal cells. Here, we performed an integrated analysis incorporating the expression profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and scores of immune and stromal cells calculated by Estimation of Stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. A two-gene signature (CD1C and CD6 genes) was established to predict the prognosis of CESC. Based on this signature, patients were divided into the high- and low-risk groups, and this signature showed good prognostic performance according to the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in train set and two validation sets. A nomogram was built for evaluating the clinical applicability of this signature. In addition, based on Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database, 2 hub genes showed negative correlations with tumor purity and positive correlations with infiltrating levels of immune filtrating cells. What’s more, we propose new treatment strategies for the two prognostic subtypes. Low- risk patients were found presenting with a higher level of immune checkpoint molecules and showing higher immunogenicity in immunophenoscore (IPS) analysis, which indicated a better response for immunotherapy. Meanwhile, estimated by Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database, the high-risk patients showed sensitive responses to five chemotherapy drugs. Finally, 10 candidate small-molecule drugs for CESC were defined. In summary, the CD1C-CD6 signature can accurately predict the prognosis of CESC.